How UK car finance works: HP, PCP and PCH
UK car finance comes in three main forms. Hire purchase (HP) buys the car over time. Personal contract purchase (PCP) also buys it over time but defers a large part of the price to an optional final payment. Personal contract hire (PCH, leasing) is a fixed-term rental: you never own the car.
Hire purchase. You pay a deposit, then equal monthly payments that repay the whole amount borrowed plus interest. The car is yours after the last payment, including any option-to-purchase fee. For one HP agreement in detail — fees, a balloon payment and a year-by-year breakdown — use the hire purchase calculator.
PCP. Your monthly payments repay the part of the amount borrowed above the guaranteed minimum future value (GMFV), plus interest on the whole balance — the deferred part included. At the end you choose: pay the GMFV and keep the car, hand it back (subject to the agreed mileage and condition), or put any equity towards another car. Monthly payments are lower than HP for the same car; the interest is higher if you pay the final payment, because more of the balance stays outstanding for longer.
PCH (leasing). You pay an initial rental, usually a multiple of the monthly rental, then fixed monthly rentals, and hand the car back at the end. There is no interest figure because nothing is borrowed to buy the car. Excess-mileage and damage charges can apply when the car goes back.
Limits of comparing buying with leasing
HP and PCP-to-own leave you with a car; PCH does not. The fair comparison is the total you pay to buy minus what the car is worth at the end, against the total cost of the lease — which is why the calculator asks for an estimated end value. That value is uncertain. Leases may also include road tax or maintenance that you would pay separately when buying, and all three products carry charges this calculator cannot know: excess mileage, damage at return, and early settlement or termination costs.
Rates, assumptions and sources
How HP, PCP and PCH are modelled, and the rules they rely on. Checked on 4 October 2026.
Official rules this calculator applies
How the figures are worked out — UKCalc method
- HP and PCP payment = (amount borrowed − final payment ÷ (1 + r)n) × r ÷ (1 − (1 + r)−n), paid at the end of each of n months, where r is the monthly rate above. For HP the final payment is £0. Interest runs on the whole balance, including the PCP final payment, until it is paid.
- PCH total = initial rental + monthly rental × rentals after it + fee + excess miles × pence per mile.
- Net cost after the car's end value = total to own − your estimated end value. It is an estimate, not a figure from the lender.
- The guaranteed minimum future value on a PCP is set by the lender. Excluded: insurance, servicing, tyres, road tax, and damage, excess-mileage (except as entered for PCH) and settlement charges.
Correction, 4 October 2026. Before this date the PCP calculation amortised only the car price minus the deposit and the final payment, charging no interest on the deferred final payment. That understated PCP monthly payments and interest. HP and PCP now share one method, and both convert APR as an annual effective rate (previously APR ÷ 12, which overstated HP payments slightly).